中南大学研究生英语考试-课本翻译下册1-8单元

A． The process of learning an art can be divided conveniently into two parts: one, the mastery of the theory; the other, the mastery of the practice. If I want to learn the art of medicine, I must first know the facts about the human body, about various diseases. When I have all this theoretical knowledge, I am by no means competent in the art of medicine. I shall become a master in this art only after a great deal of practice, until eventually the results of my theoretical knowledge and the result of my practice are blended into one—my intuition, the essence of the mastery of any art. But aside from learning the theory and practice, there is a third factor necessary to becoming a master in any art—the mastery of the art must be a matter of ultimate concern; there must be nothing else in the world more important than the art. This holds true for music, for medicine, for carpentry—and for love. And, maybe, here lies the answer to the question of why people in our country try so rarely to learn this art, in spite of their obvious failures: in spite of the deep-seated craving for love, almost everything else is considered to be more important than love: success, A． The speed of communication is bound to have an effect on composers—styles are now known and imitated so quickly that ―crossover‖ may be the buzzword for music in the new century. People can download anything in their home, and you know tomorrow what someone on the other side of the world did yesterday. Barriers between classical music, jazz and other forms will continue to break down and audiences will derive equal pleasure from lots of different styles. I foresee a greater plurality of taste.

The great unknown is the effect new technology is going to have on the soundworld of music, as opposed to its forms and structures. In this century we’ve seen the potential of percussion in orchestral work develop out of all recognition, and have become accustomed to electronic music. So I anticipate developments around the corner that will produce huge changes in what we listen to.

高速通讯肯定会对作曲者产生影响。如今各种风格如此快速地为人所了解和模仿，―风格跨越‖可能成为新世纪里音乐界的时髦词。人们可以在家里下载任何作品。昨天地球另一边的人做了A． While China is home to 22% of the world’s population, it has only 7% of the cultivated land. Still, Chinese agriculture has made remarkable progress over the past five years. In 1994, China was a global leader in the production of major farm products such as grain, cotton and meat. The grain harvest in 1995 hit 460 million tons, setting a new domestic record.

In addition, China is developing strategies to ensure an adequate domestic food supply for years to come. One key has been a variety of market reform. Unlike the past, individual farms and agricultural cooperatives now operate as profit-making enterprises. That means taking risks. But the benefits are obvious. Farm families have seen their annual income rise considerably, while consumers find more food available than ever before.

中国是占世界人口22%的家园，却只占世界耕地的7%。但在过去5年里，中国农业仍然取得了显著的进步。1994年，中国主要农产品如谷物、棉花和肉类都居世界领先地位。1995年粮食丰收，达到4.6亿多吨，创造了新的国家记录。

A． First, the teacher’s personality should be pleasantly live and attractive. This does not rule out people who are physically plain, or even ugly, because many such have great personal charm. But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, melancholy, frigid, sarcastic, cynical, frustrated, and overbearing. I would say too, that it excludes all of dull or purely negative personality.

Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy—in the literal meaning of that word—a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of other people. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant—not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which induce people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.

首先，教师应该经历充沛，有个性魅力，令人愉快。这并不意味着应当排除相貌平平的人，或者甚至相貌难看的人，因为许多这类老师具有很大的个人魅力。然而这的确意味着应当排除那种过于激动、忧郁、冷漠、爱冷嘲热讽、爱挑剔挖苦、沮丧以及prestige, money, power—almost all our energy is used for the learning of how to achieve these aims, and almost none to learn the art of loving.

学习艺术的过程可以非常容易地分成两部分：一、掌握理论；二、精于实践。如果我需要学习医学，我必须首先了解人体和各种疾病。但即使我掌握所有这些理论知识，也决不表明我就能熟练操作了。只有当经过大量实践，直到最后我的理论知识和实践结果融合在一起，形成直觉了，我才能称得上这门艺术的专家。直觉是艺术掌握的精华所在。但是除了学习理论知识和进行实践外，想在艺术领域成为一名真正的行家里手还必须掌握第三种因素，即对艺术的追求必须是其最终所关怀的；世上再无比这门艺术更重要的事。音乐、医药、木工手艺都是这样，爱情也是如此。我们这个社会中的人们，尽管显然已经失败却仍很少去学习爱的艺术，其原因也许就在于此：虽然内心深处都渴望爱，却认为其他任何事都比爱重要，如成功、名望、财富、权力；我们几乎把所有的精力都消耗在对这些目标的追逐上，而几乎不花费任何精力来学习这种爱的艺术。

B. What is it we want most from a marriage? To love and be loved. To be happy and secure. To grow, to discover. A love relationship is the garden in which we plant, cultivate and harvest the most precious of corps, our own self, and in which our spouse is provided the same rich soil in which to bloom.

We cannot obtain what we want unless our partner also gets what he or she wants. A woman may, for instance, want to go to the symphony. Her husband might hate symphonies. But by spending a few hours listening to music he doesn’t care for, he can bring joy to his partner. That’s pretty cheap price to pay for joy, isn’t it?

我们在婚姻中最想得到的是什么？爱与被爱，幸福与安全，成长与实现。爱的关系是一个花园，我们在其中种植、培育和收获最珍贵的作物——我们自己，我们的配偶在这个花园里得到同样肥沃的土壤可以蓬勃发展。

只有当我们的配偶也心愿得偿时，我们才可能心愿得偿。例如，一位妇女可能想去听交响乐而她的丈夫则痛恨交响乐。但是，花几个小时听他不喜欢的音乐，他可以给自己的伴侣带来快乐。为得到这份快乐所付出的代价并不高，对吧？

什么，明天你就可以知道。古典音乐、爵士乐和其它音乐形式之间的屏障将会继续崩溃，听众将会从许多不同风格的作品中获得同样的快感。可以预见，人们的欣赏口味将会更加多元化。

一个很大的未知数是，新技术对音乐的音响效果而不是其形式和结构会产生什么影响。本世纪我们已经看到打击乐在管弦乐作品中的潜力发挥到了令人无法辨认的程度，而且我们也已经习惯了电子音乐。因此可以预见，未来的发展不久就会给我们所听到的音乐带来巨大的变化。

B. At present, with further progress of economic globalization, countries are increasingly interdependent, and the pursuit of peace, development and cooperation has become an irresistible trend of the times, presenting the world with rare opportunities for development. At the same time, uncertainties and destabilizing factors in world economic growth have increased recently, as evidenced by continued turbulence in the financial market, rising prices for energy and resource, acute problem of food security, and growing pressure of global inflation. There remain numerous grim challenges in the effort to build a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity.

当前，经济全球化深入发展，国与国相互依存日益紧密，

求和平、谋发展、促合作已成为不可阻挡的时代潮流，世界面临难得的发展机遇。同时，近来世界经济增长中的不确定、不稳定因素增多，金融市场持续动荡，能源资源价格上涨，粮食安全问题突出，全球通胀压力增大。建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界，仍面临不少严峻挑战。

另外，中国正在实施今后几年内保障粮食足以自给的发展战略。一个关键是实行多种形式的市场改革。与过去不同的是，现在个体农场和合作农场都是赢利企业，尽管有风险，但其好处是显而易见的。农民家庭每年收入有相当大的增长，而消费者较之以前也可以买到更多的食品。

B. China is one of the largest countries in the world, her territory being about the size of the whole Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing; mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits; many rivers and lake which provide us with water transport and irrigation, and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.

( Excerpts from The Selected Works of Mao Zedong)

我们中国是世界上最大的国家之一，它的领土和整个欧

洲的面积差不多相等。在这个广大的领土之上，有广大的肥田沃地，给我们以衣食之源；有纵横全国的大小山脉，给我们生长了广大的森林，贮藏了丰富的矿产；有很多的江河湖泽，给我们以舟楫和灌溉之利；有很长的海岸线，给我们以交通海外各民族的方便。

——《毛泽东选集》（节选）

盛气凌人的人。我还要说应当排除所有那些生性呆板或对一切都采取绝对消极态度的人。

第二，教师要有真诚的同情心，教师的这种品质不仅是可取的而且是必不可少的。―同情‖，顾名思义就是一种能对他人内心和感受表示深切理解的能力。与此紧密相连的是宽容——不是宽容错误而是宽容人性中的脆弱和不成熟，这种脆弱和不成熟容易使人，尤其是孩子，犯错误。

B. The success of science has less to do with a particular method than with an essential attitude of the scientist. This attitude is essentially one of inquiry, experimentation and humility before the facts. Therefore, a good scientist is an honest one. True scientists do not bow to any authority but they are ever ready to modify or even abandon their ideas if adequate evidence is found contradicting them. Scientists, they do place a high value on honesty.

Scientists must accept facts even when they would like them to be different. They must strive to distinguish between what they see and what they wish to see—for humanity’s capacity for self-deception is vast. People have traditionally tended to adopt general rules, beliefs, creeds, theories, and ideas without thoroughly questioning their validity and to retain them long after they have been shown to be meaningless, false, or at least questionable. The most widespread assumptions are the least questioned. Most often, when and idea is adopted, particular attention is given to cases that seem to support it, while cases that seem to refute it are distorted, belittled, or ignored. We feel deeply that it is a sign of weakness to ―change our minds.‖ Competent scientists, however, must be expert at changing their minds. This is because science seeks not to defend our beliefs but to improve them. Better theories are made by those who are not hung up on prevailing ones.

科学的成功与其说取决于某种特定的方法，不如说与科

学家们所共有的一种态度更为有关。从根本上来讲，这种态度是一种探究、实验、尊重事实的态度。真正的科学家不屈服权威，但如果他们发现有足够证据证明他们的想法有矛盾，他们乐意修正，甚至放弃那些观点。科学家确确实实置诚实至上。

科学家必须接受事实，即使在他们希望事实不同时也必

须如此。他们必须竭尽全力把他们看到的同他们希望看到的区分开来——因为人类具有极大的自欺能力。人们一贯倾向于未经彻底询问其是否正确，便采纳一般的规则、信仰、信念、理论和观点，而且在它们被证明是毫无意义的、错误的或者至少是可疑的之后，能长久的抱住它们不放。流传最广的假定是最少受到怀疑的。