第二节 被动语态

考试重点：感官动词和使役动词的被动语态；动词短语的被动语态；情态动词的被动语态；用主动表示被动的含义。

一、感官动词及使役动词（如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid）在主动语态中用无to不定式做宾补，改为被动语态时要加to。

1、The middle-aged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder. A. came B. come C. to come D. have come （答案为C）（2000年58题）

2、We were made to study harder. 我们被要求努力学习。

二、有些动词后面接一个介词或副词，构成短语。变被动语态时，短语动词做及物动词用。

1、The children are well looked after. 这些孩子得到了很好的照顾。 2、The doctor has been sent for. 已经派人去请大夫了。 三、情态动词的被动语态

构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。

1、The work must be finished before lunch. 这项工作必须在午饭前干完。 2、Nothing can be seen from here. 从这儿什么也看不见。 四、用主动表示被动的含义

常用：need/require +doing sth（=to be done）（此句型主语大多为物） 例：My room is a mess. It needs _____.

A to be tidying up B. tidying up C. to tidy up D. tidied up （答案为B）（2000年47题）

第三节 情态动词

考试重点：情态动词+完成时

情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。

一、must +现在完成时

表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。

1、Mr. Green _____ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now. A. must have received B. must have failed to receive C. must receive D. must fail to receive （答案：B）（1998年44题）

2、I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time. A. would have had B. could have had C. should have had D. must have had （答案为D）（2001年58题） 二、should （ought to ）+完成时

表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。

1、They have done things they ought _____.

A. not to do B. not to be done C. not to have done D. not having done （答案为C）（1999年59题）

2、I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him earlier. A. had a telephone B. have phoned