非谓语动词语法讲解

非谓语动词

非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式·动名词·现在分词·过去分词

不定式

不定式的作用

作主语不定式作主语时，往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在后面。如：It took us two hours to finish the job.

It is impossible for us to get there on time.

作宾语如：

He managed to escape from the fire.

I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）

作宾语补足语

动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。如：

I want you to speak to Tom.

（2）在动词feel（一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：

They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall

off the tree.

4. 作定语

不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：

I have a lot of work to do.

He is looking for a room to live in.

注意：不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如：Do you have anything else to say?

5. 作状语，

He came to the school to see his son.

He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed. 作结果状语，表

事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。

作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：

My question is when to leave.

Her work is to look after the babies.

独立结构。如：

To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you.

不定式的否定式

动词不定式的否定形式not + to + 动词原形

例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake.

三．疑问词+ 动词不定式

疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

例如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.

（不定式作宾语）

(2) How to use the machine is a question.

（不定式作主语）

(3) The question is when to go there.

（不定式作表语）

四．动词不定式的时态

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。

1. 一般式to do

例如：I like to read English.

进行式to be doing

例如：He seems to be eating something.

3. 完成式to have done ·完成被动式to have been done

例如：He pretended to have read the book．

The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.

练一练

The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.

A. not to

B. not to do

C. not do it

D. do not do

The patient was warned ______ food before the operation.

A. to eat no

B. eating not

C. not to eat

D. not eating