超高层建筑消防安全技术解决策略与典型案例分析

况凯骞1 肖冰 姜蓬 俞祚福 廖光煊

（广州中国科学院工业技术研究院 城市公共安全技术研究中心，511458）

摘要：本文从亚洲地区特别是大城市的超高层建筑快速发展趋势出发，分析近年来发生的超高层建筑重大火灾和其中存在的技术难题和挑战，结合作者曾经参与的国内超高层建筑消防设计与性能化论证项目，详细论述了广州市等大城市在超高层建筑防火功能分区设定与性能化审核、电梯在人员疏散中应用、超高层建筑的重力给水等方面的技术解决策略。文章最后根据整体消防安全理念，提出在超高层建筑中应积极发展新型分布式灭火技术与装备，改进和提高现有消防车、泵、炮等系统灭火装备的功率和效能，研发融新材料、新工艺、新技术的应用于一体的安全、高效、轻质的防火材料，最终形成带消防直升机、消防机器人、固定与移动式灭火模块等先进设备于一体的具有综合功能的城市立体化消防灭火、救援、指挥、侦察、信息传输等灭火技战术及配套装备。

关键词：超高层建筑、电梯疏散、性能化设计、应急装备

Technological strategy for Super High-rise building fire

safety and Typical Cases analysis

KuangKaiqian, Xiao Bing, Jiang Peng, Liao Guangxuan

（Research Center of Urban Public Safety, Institute of Industry Technology Guangzhou &Chinese Academy of Sciences. Haibing Road, NanSha District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 511458）

Abstract：Themajor fires and where there is significant technical difficulties and challengeswere analyzed based on the trends of rapid development of high-rise building in Asian region, particularly in big cities during recent years.With the authors ’participationin high-rise building fire safety design and performance-based demonstration projects, the fire setting andperformance-based functional zoning,application of elevator evacuation, gravity water supplyand other aspects of technology solutions strategyin Guangzhou and other big cities were discussed in detail. Finally, under the Total Fire Safety Concept, new technology and equipment such as distributed firefighting systemsshould be developed. Thepower and performance ofexisting fire engines, pumps, firefighting equipment, artillery and other systemsshould be improved and upgraded.Fireproof materials with the advantage of safe, efficient, lightweight featuresshouldbe researched and developed. Firefighting helicopter, fire robot, fixed and mobile 项目：广州中国科学院工业技术研究院青年创新基金项目，中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室开放课题（HZ2008-KF02）

1作者简介：况凯骞，男，1981年生，工学博士，助理研究员，注册安全工程师，广州中国科学院工业技术研究员城市公共安全技术研究中心主任助理。主要研究领域为：城市热灾害控制技术，超高层建筑消防安全技术。电子邮箱：kqkuang@gmail.com.