生物材料生物陶瓷

硬组织生物材料生物陶瓷的性能和应用 摘要 生物医用材料是用于对生物体进行诊断、治疗、修复或替换其病损组织、器官或增进其功能的新型高技术材料。生物陶瓷由于具有良好的生物相容性与骨传导性,能与细胞等生物组织表现出良好的亲和性,因此具有广阔的发展前景。它作为生物硬组织的代用材料,可用于骨科、整形外科、牙科、口腔外科、心血管外科、眼外科、耳鼻喉科及普通外科等方面。本文介绍生物陶瓷的分类、生物学特性及其在医用领域的应用。生物医学材料已经成为生物医学工程的4大支柱产业之一，它为医学、药物学及生物学等学科的发展提供了丰富的物质基础。作为材料学的一个重要分支，它对于促进人类文明的发展必将作出更大的贡献。 根据与生物组织的作用机制,生物陶瓷大致可分为生物活性陶瓷、生物惰性陶瓷。生物活性陶瓷主要介绍羟基磷灰石(HA)的特性和其复合材料及其在硬组织工程中的应用。包括纳米HA /胶原复合材料及通过复合卵磷脂、生长因子和细胞等来提高材料的生物活性。本文也简单说明了生物活性玻璃和磷酸三钙的特性与应 用现状。生物惰性陶瓷主要介绍了临床广泛应用的氧化铝陶瓷和氧化锆陶瓷的生物学特性。 关 键 词：生物材料 生物陶瓷 硬组织 生长因子

中图分类号：R917

Abstract: Biological medical material is used for diagnosis, treatment, biological repair or replacement of the diseased tissues, organs or promote its function of new high-tech materials. Biological ceramic with good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, with cells and other biological tissues showed good affinity, so it has broad prospects for development. It as a biologic hard tissue substitute material, can be used for the Department of orthopedics, plastic surgery, dentistry, oral surgery, cardiovascular surgery, eye surgery, Department of ENT and general surgical aspects. This paper introduces the classification of biological ceramic, biological characteristics and its application in medical field. Biomedical Engineering biomedical materials have become one of the 4 pillar industries, it is medicine, pharmacology and biology development provided rich material basis. As an important branch of material science, promoting the development of human civilization will surely make greater contributions to.According to the interaction with tissue mechanism, biological ceramics can be divided roughly for bioactive ceramic, bioinert ceramics. Bioactive ceramic hydroxyapatite ( HA ) mainly introduces the characteristics and its composite material and its application in bone tissue engineering. Including nano HA / collagen composite material and through composite lecithin, growth factors and cell to improve the biological activity of the materials. The paper also illustrates the three calcium phosphate bioactive glass and the characteristics and should beThe status quo of the use. Biologically inert ceramic mainly introduces the clinical application of alumina ceramic and zirconia ceramic biological characteristics

Key words: biological materials biological ceramics hard tissue growth factor 生物材料又叫做生物医用材料，分别来自于Biomedical Materials 和Biomaterials的译名。目前国际上两本本学科最主要的学术期刊是英国的《Biomaterials》和美国的《Journal of Biomedical Materials Research》，两个期刊所涉及的内容是相同的，由此可见Biomedical Materials 和Biomaterials两词是指相同的材料。现在给生物医用材料明确的定义：对生物系统的疾病进行诊断、治疗、外科修复、理疗康复、替换生物体组织或器官（人工器官），增进或恢复其功能，而对人体组织不会产生不良影响的材料。生物医用材料本身并不必须是药物，而是通过与生物机体直接结合和相互作用来进行治疗。

硬组织相容性材料硬组织生物材料主要用于生物机体的关节、牙齿及其他骨组织。包括生物陶瓷、生物玻璃、钛及合金、碳纤维、聚乙烯等