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选修6第4单元

Ⅰ. 要点导读 quantity n. 意为“数量”，与quality相对。quantities of = a (large) quantity of意为“大量的；许多的”修饰可数名词和不可数名词。也可用于in quantity，意为“大量地”，作表语。

eg: I prefer quality to quantity when food is concerned.

Every year large quantities of steel products are turned out in our factory.

It is often less expensive to buy goods in quantity.

表示“大量的”的短语，分三种情况：

(1) 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的短语有：a lot of = lots of; a mass of = masses of; a quantity of = quantities of,

plenty of

(2) 只能修饰可数名词的短语有：many a, a good / great many, a large number of

(3) 只能修饰不可数名词的短语有：a large amount of, a great deal of “More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing …” (P27)

state vt. (1) 意为“陈述；说明；宣布；申明”，后可直接跟名词或从句。

eg: Please state your name, age and occupation in the form.

The businessmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working.

(2) n. 意为“状况，状态；政府；州；邦” eg: The whole country was in a state of disorder during the Civil War.

statement n. 意为“讲述的话；说明；生命；填报情况” eg: The president is to make a statement tomorrow. … (P28)

decrease (1) vi.&vt. 意为“减少；减小；降低”，常与介词by连用，其反义词是increase。

eg: The number of children in the school has decreased this year.

(2) n. 意为“减少；减弱”，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。

eg: There was a decrease in the number of children in school.

4. … compare to (1) 意为“与 相比”，过去分词短语作状语，用于比较不同的事物。

eg: Their prices are low compared to those in other shops.

(2) 意为“把 比作；与 像” eg: The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems.

A teacher’s work is often compared to a candle. come about 意为“发生”，有时it作主语，后面跟that引起的从句。

eg: I’ll never understand how it came about that you were an hour late on such a short journey.

come out意为“出现；出版；传开” eg: When does John’s new book come out?

It has now come out that many people suffered severe side effects from this drug.

come around / round意为“恢复知觉；苏醒” eg: Johnny came around finally after having been drunken.

come across意为“偶遇；碰到” eg: I’ve just come across a beautiful poem in this book. 6. They also believe it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that is resulting in this increase in carbon dioxide. (P26)

result in 意为“导致；造成；引起(某种结果)” eg: The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.

result from意为“由 而造成”，后接造成该结果的原因，与as a result of / lie in同义；result in后跟造成的结果。

eg: Nothing has resulted from his efforts.

This experiment resulted in the discovery of a cure for AIDS.

7. … but on the whole it rose by around one degree Fahrenheit. (P28)

on the whole 意为“总的来说；从总体上看” eg: The weather this month has been good on the whole.

as a whole意为“就整个 来看” eg: The population as a whole is getting healthier.