高中物理教学艺术

英语动词语态.txt
语态1

语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般是在不知道或没有必要知道动作的执行者是谁时,我们是被动语态
1)We use electricity to run machines.(主动语态)
2)Electricity is used to run machines.(被动语态)
1．不能用于被动语态的动词和短语
(1)在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。
(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。
2．被动语态的时态形式
常用的被动语态有如下所列的几种时态形式。
如下：
现在一般时:am asked;is asked;are asked
现在进行时:am being asked;is being asked;are being asked
现在完成时:have been asked
过去一般时: was be asked;were be asked
过去进行时:was being asked;were being asked
过去完成时:had been asked
过去将来一般时:shall be asked;would be asked
过去将来完成时:should have been asked;would have been asked
3．短语动词的被动语态
短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如：
1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.
2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.
4．“get + -ed分词”的被动语态
“get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如：
The boy got hurt on his way home from work.
另外，“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如：
get dressed(穿衣服
get divorced(离婚)
get engaged(订婚)
get confused(迷惑不解)
get lost(迷路)
get washed(洗脸)
get married(结婚)
5． 能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态
(1) 能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留下来。例如：
1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主动语态)
2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被动语态)
3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被动语态)
(2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如：
1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态)
2)He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态)
6．被动语态与系表结构的区别
(1)The novel was well written.(系表结构)
(2)The novel was written by Dickens.(被动语态)
7．少数动词的主动语态有时有被