阅读理解

Attitudes to AIDS Now（对待艾滋病的最新态度）----------2011年

Most people say that the USA is making progress in fighting AIDS, but they don't

know there's no cure and strongly disagree that "the AIDS epidemic is over," a new survey finds.

The findings, released Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foundation, reassure activists who have worried that public concern about AIDS might disappear in light of recent news about advances in treatment and declines in deaths.

"While people are very optimistic about the advances, they're still realistic about the fact that there is no cure" says Sophia Chang, director of HIV programs at the foundation. The Kaiser survey, like a recent USA TODAY Gallup Poll, does find that the number of people ranking AIDS as the country's top health problem has fallen. In the Kaiser poll, 38% say it's the top concern, down from 44% in a 1996 poll; in the Gallup Poll, 29% say AIDS in No.1, down from 41% in 1992 and 67% in 1987.

Other findings from Kaiser, which polled more than 1,200 adults in September and October and asked additional questions of another 1,000 adults in November: 灾难并未结束，对此我深受鼓舞。我希望华盛顿的决策者也同样认识到这一点 我

们已经看到了自满的表现。”

Eat Healthy （健康饮食）----------2012年 "Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often，it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.

According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.

Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.

只有45％的人愿意买份量小一点的食物。

事情是这样的，不是美国的工人不想吃的健康一点，而是美国工人觉得做许多个小时低收入的工种下来，盘子里的饭菜量小有点不合算。他们是指望薪金支票过日子的，希望能为来年的圣诞节节约一些钱来买圣诞礼物。 完形填空

1 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found（找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病）

The World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.

Current treatments take at least six months. People have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that 1

如果你正在减肥，穿紧身的衣服是一个很好的主意。紧身衣可以提醒你要达到的目标。 3 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live（一个让天花存在的好理由）

It’s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it—one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?

in reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few much vials. And the last “official” stocks of lice virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, for no obvious gain.

Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So one again there’s a good reason to keep the virus—just in case the disease puts in a reappearance.

How do we_deal with the mistrust of the US and Russia? Simple Keep the virus under international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that’s open to all countries. The US 52% say the country is making progress against AIDS, up from 32% in 1995. Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, 51% say the government spends too little on AIDS.

apparently，some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine 86% correctly say AIDS drugs can now lengthen lives; an equal number correctly say QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe that the drugs are not cures.

restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent 67% incorrectly say that AIDS deaths increased or stayed the same in the past year; disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford 24% know deaths fell.

fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per Daniel Zingale, director of AIDS Action Council, says, "I'm encouraged that the year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want American people are getting the message that the AIDS epidemic isn't over. I hope the smaller.

decision-makers in Washington are getting the same message… We have seen signs of It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that，after long complacency.

hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live 1. What do activists worry about?

from paycheck to paycheck ，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas A) Recent news about AIDS is not true. presents.

B) People may stop worrying about AIDS. 1. Parents in the United States tend to ask their children

C) Deaths caused by AIDS may not decline. A to save food.

D) Advances in AIDS treatment are too slow.

B to wash the dishes. 2. According to the passage, people's attitude toward the cure of AIDS is C not to waste food. A) optimistic. D not to eat too much

B) realistic. 2. Why do American restaurants serve large portions?

C) pessimistic. A Because Americans associate quantity with value. D) hopeless.

B Because Americans have big bellies. 3. The Gallup Poll shows that the number of people

C Because Americans are good eaters. A) who suffer from the worst disease--- AIDS has fallen. D Because Americans are greedy. B) who think AIDS threatens the countryside has fallen. 3. What happened in the 1970s?

C) who worry about AIDS and health problems has fallen.

A The US government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a D) who think AIDS is the country's top health killer has fallen. customer.

4. According to the Kaiser Poll, which of the following is NOT correct? B Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions. A) The country is making progress against AIDS. C The United States produced more grain than needed. B) AIDS drugs still cannot save people's lives. D The American waistline started to expand. C) AIDS drugs can now make people live longer. 4. What does the survey indicate?

D) More and more people die of AIDS now. A Many poor Americans want large portions.

5. The work "massage" in the last paragraph means B Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.

A) printed new. C Fifty seven percent Americans earn $150 ,000 per year.

B) contact. D Twenty three percent Americans earn less than $25,000 per year. C) meaning. 5. Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans?

D) central idea.

A They work long hours.

Key: BBDDD

B They live from paycheck to paycheck. 对待艾滋病的最新态度

C They don't want to be healthy eaters.

大多数人认为美国在抗击艾滋病方面取得了进步，但他们不知道一个新的调

D They want to save money for their children 查表明：人们认为艾滋病不能被治愈，而且强烈反对“艾滋病已经流行过去了”的说Key: CADAC

法。

健康饮食

这个由恺撒家庭基金会公布的发现使那些积极参与抗艾滋病活动的人打消

“把盘子里的东西吃完了!”“要成为一名清盘俱乐部的成员!”几乎每一个美国小了疑虑。在这之前，他们担心有关医疗技术进步和死亡率降低的报道会使公众不再关孩都会听到父母亲或祖父母这样的唠叨。父母亲或祖父母们还经常会加上一句恳求的注艾滋病问题。

话：“想想那些饥饿的非洲孤儿吧，多可怜啊!”我们的确应该为每一口食物充满感激。基金会HIV计划的负责人Sophia Chang说：“人们为医疗技术的发展感到乐

但不幸的是，很多美国人吃得太多了。也许我们应该为明天节约一些粮食，而不足坚观的同时，也该意识到艾滋病无法治愈这一事实。”

持“把盘子里的东西吃完”。

恺撒调查就像一个最新的“今日美国”民意测验，它显示出把艾滋病当作全

据新闻报导，美国的餐馆应该为美国人日益增大的肚腩负——部分责任。《今日国首要的健康问题的人数已经下降。在恺撒民意测验中，38%的人认为它是人们最关美国》刊登的一个故事，服务员给每个顾客提供的一盘食物的量是政府推荐的二至四注的问题，低于1996年调查中的44%；29%的人认为艾滋病是头号令人头疼的疾病，倍。美国人传统的认为有量才有质，所以大多数餐馆都试图迎合顾客们的这一想法。低于1992年的41%和1987年的67%。

他们宁愿被抱怨提供了过多的食物也不愿意被投诉提供的食物太少。

恺撒调查还有其他的发现，在9月和10月对1，200个成年人的民意测验和

芭芭拉·罗尔斯是宾夕法尼亚州立大学的一位营养学教授。在接受《今日美国》11月份对1，000个成年人的民意测验得出的结论如下：

采访时她说道：“从20世纪70年代起，美国的餐馆就开始提供越来越大份的食物；52%的人认为国家在抗艾滋病方面取得了进展，高于1995年的32%。 也就是从这个时候起，美国人的腰围也变得越来越粗了。”

51%的人认为政府在艾滋病研究方面的投资太少。

健康专家已经试着让很多餐馆提供份量小一些的食物。显然，现在很多顾客也为86%的人认为现在治疗艾滋病的药物可以延长生命；同样多的人认为这些药

此而呼吁。据《QSR杂志》(美国的一份餐饮业经营杂志)报道：在上个月对4000多人物不能治愈艾滋病；这都是正确的。

所做的一次调查中，有57％的人认为餐馆提供的食物份量太大了，23％的人没有发表67%的人错误地认为在过去的一年里艾滋病死亡人数有所增长或保持不变；

看法，还有 20％的人不同意此看法。但是再仔细看看调查结果，你就会发现很多24%的人知道艾滋病死亡人数减少了。

买不起精美菜肴的美 国人还是喜欢买大份量食物。在年收入15万美元以上的人艾滋病行动委员会负责人Daniel Zingale说：“美国人民正逐渐认识到艾滋病

群中，70％的人更愿意买份量小一点的食物：但在年收入少于2．5万美元的人群中，

can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.

The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.

The World Health Organization reductions the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.

Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.

2 Going on a diet(节食) （2012年新增）

A typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart beating and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating properly and your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person gains weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to reduce the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic principle behind going on a diet.

unfortunately，diets don't work for most people. They do lose weight but then go

off the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to maintaining a consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you actually take in. The next step is to add,exercise so that you can raise the number of calories you can consume per day.

Exercise charts can show you how many calories different forms of exercise can burn. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can make a big difference. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can climb the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise partner. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. It's a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothes if you are on a diet.tight clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.

节 食

普通人每天需要大约1,800卡的热量才能生存下来。这些热量使你的心脏跳动、肺呼吸、身体器官正常运转、大脑持续工作，并可以使你保持足够的体温。一个人体重增加了是因为他或她每天摄入的卡路里比需要的多。唯一的减肥办法就是减少每天的卡路里的消耗量。这是进行节食的基本原则。

遗憾的是，节食并不是对大多数人都奏效。他们体重下降了，就放弃节食，结果体重又上升了。建立一个切实可行的节食和锻炼计划是保持体重的关键。你需要计算出你每天所需要的和实际摄入的卡路里。之后你可要增加运动以增加每天消耗的热量。

运动图表可以向你展示不同形式的运动所需要消耗的热量。每天消耗200或者500卡路里会是不同的。你可以在看电视的时候骑自行车或者你可以爬楼梯而不是乘坐电梯。找个一起锻炼的伙伴。如果在锻炼的时候有个人和你说话，练习就能容易很多。

will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn’t mean the idea is wrong. If the virus is useful, then let’s make it the servant of all humanity—not just a part of it.

4 Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of Cancers（大约三分之一的癌症与饮食和酒精有关）

Diet is second only to tobacco as a leading cause of cancer and, along with alcohol, is responsible for nearly one third of cases of the disease in developed countries, a leading researcher said on Tuesday.

Dr. Tim Key, of the University of Oxford, told a cancer conference that scientists are still discovering how certain foods contribute to cancer,but they know that diet, alcohol and obesity . play a major role.

“Five percent of cancers could be avoided if nobody was obese,” he said.

While tobacco is blinked to about 30 percent of cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25 percent and alcohol inabout six percent.

Obesity raises the risk of breast, womb, bowel and kidney cancer, while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth, throat and liver, Its dangerous impact is increased when combined with smoking.

Key told the meeting of the charity Cancer Research UK that other elements of diet linked to cancer are still unknown but scientists are hoping that the EPIC study, which is comparing the diets of 500,000 people in 10 countries and their risk of cancer, will provide some answers.

Early results of the study have revealed that Norway, Sweden and Denmark have the lowest consumption of fruit and vegetables among European countries while Italy and Spain have the highest. Eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer.

Key, principal scientist on the EPIC study, said it is looking at dietary links to some of the most common cancers including colorectal, breast and prostate.

5 Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence （男性也可能是家庭暴力的受害者）

Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look at domestic violence and health among men.

"Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we don't hear about it often," Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the study's authors, told Reuters Health. "They often don't tell and we don't ask. We want to get the message out to men who do experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to them "

The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical abuse , such as threats that made them fear for their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling.

Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner violence in the past five years, while 6. 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.

Rates were lower for men 55 and older ,with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.

Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of domestic violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence the men experienced was physical.

However, the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as that suffered by women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61 percent of women.

Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health problems than those who had not, especially older men, the researchers found.