不同采收成熟度对烤烟品质的影响研究

摘要：选取2个烤烟品种吉烟9号和云87，通过对烤烟不同成熟度叶片的采收，探讨了烤烟成熟度与烟叶品质的关系。结果发现，吉烟9号在叶龄65天时采收的中部烟叶烘烤后的化学成分中总糖、还原糖含量较高，而烟碱、总氮含量适中，各项比值协调，上等烟比率，均价均最高。云87在叶龄70天时采收的中部烟叶烘烤后的各项比值较协调，上等烟比率、均价均较高。研究表明，吉烟9号中部烟叶在叶龄65天时采收，烟叶品质较好。云87中部叶在叶龄70天时采收，此时烟叶品质最佳。

关键词：烤烟；成熟度；品质

Abstract:

Select the two tobacco varieties jiyan 9 and yun 87, On flue-cured tobacco leaves harvested in different maturity. Discusses the relationship between the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf and tobacco maturity. The results showed that on jiyan 9 on 65 days harvest the middle of the chemical composition of tobacco Total sugar reducing sugar content higher in the curing. Nicotine, total nitrogen, protein content appropriate, the ratio of Coordination, the finest tobacco rates are the highest average price. yun87 in the middle leaves age harvested 70 days after baking than the ratio of Coordination, superior tobacco ratio, the higher average price. The results show that age about 65 days of harvest when the best quality tobacco. The middle leaves of yun87 harvested in the age of 65 days, then the best quality tobacco.

Keywords: Cured tobacco; Grade of maturity; Quality

1 烟草简介

烟草，茄科(Solanaceae)植物，一年生草本，叶片成熟后采收通过调制、分级和加工处理后，用于制作卷烟、雪茄烟、旱烟、水烟和鼻烟等，是世界栽培的嗜好类工业原料作物[1] [2]。烟草属(Nicotiana)分为黄花烟草(Rustica)、普通烟草(Tabacum)和矮牵牛状烟草(Petunioides)三个亚属。

烟叶的成熟度是烟叶品质的内在因素，它反映了烟叶内在化学成分的变化程度，而内在成分又是衡量烟叶质量的主要因素，与烟叶的色、香、味有密切关系

[3]。美国烟草专家认为对烟叶品质的影响，田间栽培占1/3，成熟度占1/3，烘烤技术占1/3，可见烟叶成熟度是非常重要的[4]。因此，国外烟叶质量把成熟度作为主要因素。近年来，我国对烟叶质量观念有了很大转变，对烟叶质量和有效