匹配题

古典主义学派

1、Adam Smith 亚当·斯密: the founder of economics and the intellectual base for laissez-faire capitalism (p116)

---major work(s): An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations,

1776

----main viewpoints:

①revolutionized fundamental thinking about economics and economic organization;

②emphasized the value of centralizing equipment and workers into factories, specialized labor, and managerial contributions to specialization;

③demonstrated the economic advantages of the factory system and the economic value of the industrial organization;

④noted that modern organizations are force multipliers. Good organization and the proper use of technology together are as powerful a force multiplier as any machine. Like the machine, it allows for efficiency of productivity.

2、Frederick Taylor 弗雷德里克·泰勒the acknowledged founder of the scientific-management movement

----major work: The Principle of Scientific Management

---- main viewpoints:

(1)emphasized a method: time-and-motion （工业操作效率）studies;

(2)emphasized formal structure and rules, largely ignored customers and the workers themselves, and equated the control needs of upper management with the needs of the entire organization;

(3)assumes four fundamental values: efficiency, rationality, productivity, profit;

(4)makes several critical assumptions （p117）

---- shortcomings of the scientific-management model: it viewed workers as mere cogs（齿轮）in an industrial machine motivated solely by financial incentives and with no other needs on or off the job that were worthy of inclusion in the theory （Charles Chaplin: Modern Times）

---- contribution: emphasis on the principal approach to management in public administration

3、Harrington Emerson 哈林顿·爱默森: the "high priest of efficiency"

----major work: Efficiency as a Basis for Operation and Wages (1909)

----main viewpoints: the twelve principles of efficiency(1912)：明确的目的；注意局部和整体的关系；虚心请教；严守规章；公平；准确、及时、永久性的记录；合理调配人、财、物；定额和工作进度；条件标准化；工作方法标准化；手续标准化；奖励效率

4、Henri Fayol 亨利·法约尔: developed the first comprehensive theory of management. （p118）

----major work: Administration lndustrielle et Generale（1916，法国）

---- main viewpoints: six principles of management; primary values included order, stability of