大学英语词汇学期末考试 重点复习资料整理 权威版 后附试题

2012词汇学复习资料

The development of the English Vocabulary

1. Indo-European Language Family

The Indo-European Language Family is considered as one of the most important language families. It includes most languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. Those languages, which are believed to have originated from this language family and developed alone different lines, show various degrees of similarity to one another. They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern Set东部诸语族: Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语, Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语族, Armenian 亚美尼亚语族and Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语族; a Western Set: 西部诸语族 Celtic凯尔特语族, Italic 意大利语族, Hellenic希腊语族, Germanic日尔曼语族. All the languages in both sets shed some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has lent words into the English vocabulary.

Prussian普鲁士语

Lithuanian立陶宛语

Polish波兰语

Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语 Czech捷克斯洛伐克语 Bulgarian保加利亚语

Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语 Russian

Albanian阿尔巴尼亚

Persian波斯语

Hindi北印度语

Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语系 Bengali孟加拉语

Romany，吉卜赛语

Armenian亚美尼亚语

Portuguese

Spanish

Italic意大利语族 Italian

Roumanian罗马尼亚语

French

Indo-European

Language Family

Irish

Celtic凯尔特语 Breton

Scottish

Norwegian挪威语

Icelandic，冰岛语

Danish丹麦语

Germanic Swedish瑞典语

日尔曼语言 English

Dutch

Flemish

German

Hellenic，古希腊语 - Greek