独立主格结构

独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的一种独立主格成分。With( without) 的复合结构可以看作是独立主格结构中的一种形式。

一、独立主格结构的特点

1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

The test finished, we began our holiday.

= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.

4） 当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词

二、独立主格结构的构成:

名词普通格或代词主格 + 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。

1．名词（或代词） + 现在分词

现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态。 He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.

注意：现在分词being或having been在独立主格结构中可以省略。

The weather（being）fine, we decided to go on an outing.

独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，

一是在“There being + 名词”结构中，

There being no bus, we had to walk home.

二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。

It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.

2．名词（或代词） + 不定式（短语）

不定式表示将来的动作。

He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.

Many flowers and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.

3．名词（或代词） + 过去分词