定语从句讲解及练习

一、 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词 或代词 的从句叫做定语从句。 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

2) You must do everything that I do.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why

关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1)The boys are from Class One.

(2)Yesterday I helped an old man .

如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用

who 或whom. 例：Is there anyone here who will go with you?

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person .

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man is my friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game . ( which 在句子中做主语)

(2) This is the pen . ( which 在句子中做宾语)

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The people are all here. (在句子中做主语)

(6) Where is the man ? (在句子中做宾语) ： 1,只能使用that,不用which 的情况：

(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true.

(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.

(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如： He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

2,只用which不用that的情况：

(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：The boy,who is good at soccer,comes from Xinjiang.

That necklace,which you gave me as a present,was lost yesterday.