定语从句

定语从句分为：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两类

限定性定语从句使修饰的词代表一个/些或一类特定的人或事物，从句不能省掉，如果省掉了从句，主句的意思就不完整，主句就不能独立存在。

非限定性定语从句只对它修饰的词作进一步的说明，在主句和定语从句之间通常打个逗号隔开，从句省掉之后主句部分仍然成立。

一. 定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

Do you know everybody who came to the party?

I still remember the night when I first came to the village?

This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.（where在从句中作状语，如果在从句中作主语或宾语就只能用that或which）

二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语。关系副词可作状语。 指人时关系代词用who、that、whom、whose； 指物是关系代词用which、that

1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.（关系代词指人在从句中作主语一般用who，在从句中作宾语一般用that）。

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作宾语：

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday. （关系代词指人在从句中作宾语一般用that，也可用whom也可以省掉）。

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. （关系代词指物在从句中作主语或宾语一般既可用that，也可用which，如果作介词的宾语就只能用which了）。

3. 作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作状语

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. （在从句中作状语）

This is the house where I was born.（在从句中作状语）

三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：

Do you know the young man (whom/that) we met at the gate？（在从句中作宾语可以省略）