镁合金表面熔覆改性技术

Surface Overlaying Modification Technology of Magnesium Alloys 摘要 评述了镁合金表面熔覆改性技术的国内外发展概况，着重介绍了热喷涂、激光熔覆及热喷涂+激光重熔复合熔覆3种处理工艺和熔覆涂层材料，提出采用热喷涂+激光熔覆合法熔覆工艺、镁合金表面熔覆非晶合金以及熔覆高熔点涂层是提高镁合金表面性能的有效方法，具有良好的应用前景。

关键字：镁合金 表面改性 研究进展

Abstract: Recent developments of the application of surfacing overlaying modification technology of magnesium alloys are reviewed. The main treatment processes including thermal spraying, laser cladding and a two-step composite method, thermal spraying firstly then laser cladding, are introduced emphatically. Moreover, coating materials for surface modification of magnesium alloy are also summarized. It's pointed out that the composite technology of thermal spraying firstly then laser cladding, overlaying amorphous alloys coating and high melting point materials coating are effective methods of enhancing surface performance of magnesium alloys, which have good application prospects and are worth further studying.

Key words magnesium alloys, surface modification, research progresses 1 序言

镁合金因密度低.比强度、比刚度高.电磁屏蔽性好.减震性好.以及优良的切削加工性能.在航空、汽车和电子通讯等行业中得到广泛的应用。但是镁的化学稳定性低.电极电位很负（-2.34V）耐蚀性差.月_镁合金的耐磨性、硬度及耐高温性能也较差.在某种程度上制约了镁合金材料的广泛应用。因此.如何提高镁合金的耐磨、耐腐蚀及耐热等综合性能已成为当今镁合金材料研究、发展的重要课题。有效的途径之一是对镁合金表而进行表而改性处理.在基体材料的表而形成相应的保护层。

日前，镁合金表而处理上要有化学转化、阳极氧化、表而渗层、表而电镀等方法这些方法都存在一些局限性.要么对环境有较人污染.要么所制得的涂层厚度、致密性有限而不能够有效保护。然而采用表而熔覆改性处理.如热喷涂、激光熔覆等方法.就可以克服以上不足.既环保又满足使用性能。本文综述了近年来国内外镁合金表而熔覆改性处理技术和熔覆涂层材料的发展概况。 2 镁合金表面熔覆工艺

2.1 热喷涂工艺

热喷涂技术几乎适用各种材料对零件表而的喷涂.对零件的尺寸大小及形