作为一个重要的语法项目，频频出现在近几年的四级考题中。由于中学教材已不把它作为重点，大学教材对它也缺乏系统的阐述，不少考生因此而难以在与之有关的试题上得分，更谈不上在语言实践中加以应用。笔者试图对该结构进行较为全面的分析，以期对考生有所帮助。 

（一）： 独立主格结构的构成：

名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；

名词(代词)+形容词；

名词(代词)+副词；

名词(代词)+不定式；

名词(代词) +介词短语构成。

（二） 独立主格结构的特点：

1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：

the test finished, we began our holiday.

= when the test was finished, we began our holiday.

考试结束了，我们开始放假。

the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

= after the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。

this done, we went home.

工作完成后，我们才回家。

the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.

会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

he came into the room, his ears red with cold.

他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。

he came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆

with的复合结构作独立主格

表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。

with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例: he stood there, his hand raised.

= he stood there, with his hand raise.

典型例题

the murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。

a. being tied b. having tied c. to be tied d. tied

答案d. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选d. 注意: